As part of the world’s largest mammal re-introduction programme, the Environment Agency–Abu Dhabi (EAD) just completed a successful mission to translocate 25 Scimitar-horned Oryx (SHO) and 25 Addax to Chad, which will soon be released into the wild as the two species have overlapping home ranges. The Agency is also planning to translocate another 25 SHO to Chad in February 2022.

 

The EAD team also successfully darted 18 wild SHO and fit them with satellite tracking collars enabling close monitoring including survival and reproduction. One herd observed was 87 animals, where over 100 calves will be born in the wild this year.

 

The latest release follows the success of the re-introduction programmes that aims to create a self-sustaining herd of over 500 SHO in the 77,950 km2 Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim Wildlife Reserve, decades after the species was declared ‘extinct in the wild’ by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in 2000.

 

Launched in 2014, with the first shipment of animals released back into the wild in 2016, the herds have been observed making efficient movements to and from the pre-release pens from far away to assure they are adapting well to their new surroundings.

 

In 2017, a herd of 75 SHOs arrived safely at the Ouadi Rimé-Ouadi Achim Wildlife Reserve in Chad as part of the programme, in collaboration with the Chad Ministry of Environment and Fisheries and the Sahara Conservation Fund (SCF).

 

In 2018, the Sahelian plains of Chad welcomed 40 SHO new calves, increasing the total herd to 180 animals at the time. Currently, there are approximately 400 Scimitar-horned oryx in the wild, thanks to the birth of over 60 new calves so far this year.

 

The second phase of the re-introduction includes the critically endangered Addax and began in 2019 with the translocation of the first pilot group of 15 animals in November 2019, followed by the second group of 25 Addax in March 2020, prior to Covid-19 travel restrictions. Currently, there are 65 Addax in the wild with 15 calves born so far this year.

 

According to existing data, the last SHO disappeared from Chad in the late 1980s and the species was officially declared globally “Extinct in the Wild” by IUCN in 2000, with the only surviving animals persisting in ex-situ, or in captivity in breeding programmes in zoos and private collections across the world.

 

 

• SHO are named after their impressive blade-like horns, which are long and curved like a traditional Arabian sword.

• It is difficult to predict how long the SHO can live in the wild, especially given that their native habitat has changed since the species was declared extinct. However, they typically live up to 20 years in captivity.

• SHO can survive for months or even years without drinking water. As a grazing animal, they derive most of their daily moisture intake from the plants they eat.

• Perfectly adapted to the hot, arid desert climate, SHO also have a unique circulation system in their skull, which cools the blood by up to -15 degrees celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit) through capillaries in the nose before it reaches the brain.

• SHO can sense the slightest variations in air humidity over distances of more than 100 kilometres. This incredible skill for water divination meant that herds were often followed closely by tribes as they sought water.

 

• The Addax is an arid-land antelope that is very well adapted to living in the harsh deserts of the Sahara, rarely needing to drink water to survive.

• Unfortunately, the Addax’s impressive spiraling horns, meat and hide have been attractive to humans and their population has plummeted during the last century due to the prevalence of poaching, which has been exacerbated by ubiquitous four-wheel drive vehicles and pressures from oil extraction activities.