Britain is to become a world leader in weather forecasting and climate change research after the Government unveiled a £97m supercomputer capable of performing 16,000 trillion calculations per second.

 

The 140-tonne computer – known as Cray@XC40 – will enable the Met Office to make predictions that have previously been unthinkable because of the vast quantities of data involved.

 

For instance, the new computer should be able to predict with a high degree of accuracy whether there will be fog on Heathrow’s runways in 12 hours’ time, giving the airport time to make contingency plans. Currently, they can accurately predict patches of fog over the south of England but have no idea where.

 

The computer will also enable forecasters to pinpoint potential floods with much greater accuracy and reliability, as well as providing longer-term, more dependable and detailed forecasts for sunshine, fog, frost and ice, the Met Office said.

 

Overall, the improved weather forecasts could save the UK £2bn a year through measures such as helping households prepare for floods, telling transport operators to anticipate heavy snow and letting farmers decide what crops to grow. It will be up and running at the Met Office’s Exeter headquarters next September, although it will not be fully operational until 2017.

 

As well as improving the reliability of weather forecasts, the computer will help scientists unravel some of the great climate mysteries, such as whether we can expect to see fewer, but more intense, tropical storms such as Katrina this century – a hypothesis that has been made but not proved.

 

Scientists are also hoping to use the computer to establish when the oceans might begin releasing heat back into the atmosphere after a prolonged period of absorbing global temperature rises.

 

But despite the machine’s sophistication it would not be infallible.